Appendicitis

YES!! Today Im going to talk about appendicitis. Appendicitis is also one of the common disease. Before we learn about appendicitis, we nit to 1st know about appendix.

WHAT IS APPENDIX??

• The appendix is a fingerlike pouch attached to the large intestine and located in the lower right area of the abdomen.

APPENDICITIS

• Is an infection of appendix.

CAUSES

• Obstruction of appendical lumen.
• feces, parasites, or growths that clog the appendiceal lumen
• enlarged lymph tissue in the wall of the appendix
• inflammatory bowel disease
• trauma to the abdomen

RISK FACTOR

•  People who are age 10 to 30 years old

SYMPTOMS

Pain site

• Pain at the right side
• Abdominal pain: (occurs suddenly, often causing a person to wake up at night,begins near the belly button and then moves lower and to the right, gets worse when moving around, taking deep breaths, coughing, or sneezing)
• loss of appetite
• nausea
• vomiting
• constipation or diarrhea
• inability to pass gas
• a low-grade fever that follows other symptoms
• abdominal swelling
• the feeling that passing stool will relieve discomfort

TREATMENT

• Surgery - removing appendix (appendectomy)
• Medication: by giving antibiotic and encourage soft diet

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Dysmenorrhea

Every gurls will encounter this dysmenorrhea.. And all gurls hate dis kind of pain too. Well, who loves to have dis kind of dysmenorrhea sickness??

Definition:

- Menstrual cramps are pains in the abdominal (belly) and pelvic areas that are experienced by a woman as a result of her menstrual period.

Types:

1. Primary dysmenorrhea

•  begin within six months to a year following menarche (the beginning of menstruation), the time when a girl starts having menstrual periods

    2. Secondary dysmenorrhea

•  involving a woman's reproductive system contributes to the menstrual pain

Symptoms:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Diarrhea

Treatment:

• Ponstan
• Apply hot water bottle at abdomen
• Regular exercise before period.
• Avoid cold drinks

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Hypertension

How is it measured??

•  measured with a blood pressure cuff and recorded as two numbers.
• Consist of diastolic and systolic.
• Systolic is the reading dat on top (pressure generated by when the heart contracts)
• Diastolic is the reading dat is below (pressure in the arteries while the heart is filling and resting btw heartbeats)
• Normal BP is less than 120/80
• Pre-hypertension is 120-139/80-89
• High blood pressure (stage 1)  is 140-159/90-99
• High blood pressure (stage 2) is more than 160/100

Causes:

1.  Factors that cannot be changed

• Age
• Race
• Socioeconomic status
• Family history
• Gender 

2.  Factors that can be changed

• Obesity
• Sodium sensitivity
• Alcohol
• Lack of exercise
• Use of oral contraceptive

Symptoms:

•  Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Chest pain
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Kidney faiilure
• Others

Medications:

• Diuretics (mild hypertension)
• Hydrochlorotiazide
• Calcium Channel Blokers
• Beta blockers

Prevention:

• Low fat diet
• Stop smoking
• Take medications as directed
• Reduce stress
• Maintain healthy weight

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Diabetes

Diabetes

Another common disease among all people. What u all understand by diabetes? Exceed of blood glucose? Too many sweetness intake? or anything else??

Wat is diabetes??

• a.k.a diabetes mellitus (DM)
• As u all know, everything dat we eat.. It naturally break down into glucose. Mainly diabetes is caused of metabolism disorder. Glucose is form of sugar, which also gives us energy.
• Diabetes always have connection with insulin. Well, as I mentioned above. Everything we eat, it will automatically break down into glucose and makes its way to bloodstream.
• Our cells uses glucose as energy and growth. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter into our cell.
• A person with diabetes is exceed of blood sugar (hyperglycemia)

So where does insuline comes from??

• From our pancreas
• After eating, our pancreas will automatically releases insulin to move the glucose present in our blood into the cells, and lower down our blood sugar.

Types of diabetes:

• Diabetes type 1: no insulin at all
• Diabetes type 2: has insulin, but dun produce enough.
• Gestational diabetes: During pregnancy, u develop diabetes.

Clinical Manifestations:

• Frequent urination
• Weight gain
• Increased fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Itchy skin
• Frequent gum disease
• Numbness of your feet and other part of body

Treatment:

• Stop smoking
• Balance diet
• Prevent developing cardiovascular disease
• Check your blood glucose level.
• Exercises

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Smoking

Yes, today our next topic will be about smoking..


To all smokers: I have few questions to ask all of u..

1.  What reasons cause u all to smoke?
2. Do you all know the squences of smoking?
3. Have u all thought about to stop smoking?

Smoking is a health hazard. It is also one of the most risk dat leads to all kind of diseases. For example, lung cancer (most common):  from each cigarette you smoke per day. Heart disease: each pack of cigarette you smoke per day. Smokers spend 27% more time in the hospital and more than twice as much time in intensive care units as nonsmokers. Each cigarette costs the smoker five to twenty minutes of life. A smoker is at twice the risk of dying before age sixty-five as a nonsmoker.

Statistics:-

A St. Louis survey, carried out in early 1980, contains information on both psychiatric diagnosis and smoking for more than 3,000 individuals. The survey confirms that major depression is more common among smokers than among nonsmokers (6.6 percent versus 2.9 percent) and that smokers with a lifetime history of major depression are less likely to succeed in quitting smoking than are smokers without such a history (14 percent versus 28 percent).

The data also show that individuals with a lifetime history of depression are more likely to have smoked at any time in their lives (76 percent) than are those without such a history (52 percent).

Nicotine dependence is particularly prevalent among alcohol and drug abusers. In fact, more than 80 percent of alcoholics are smokers, as are more than 50 percent of psychiatric patients.

 (from resources of:  http://www.stop-smoking-tips.com/smoking-facts.html)

 

Smoking can lead to:

1. Lung cancer. It also will cause cancer of the mouth, layrnx, pharynx, esophagus, bladder, stomach and kidney. 
2. Die from a stroke.
3. Heart disease. The most common diseases are coronary heart disease.

Readers can have more information by CLICKING HERE..

YES, STOP SMOKING & THINK OF YR LOVE ONES.. THERE'S POSSIBILITIES TO STOP SMOKING, IF YOU WANT TO. NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE

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Breast self examinations

Today, want to talk about Breast self examination (BSE).

Purpose:
- detect any abnormalities in our breast
- to detect cancerous or non cancerous cells in our breast.

Steps in doing BSE: (from pictures no.1 to no.6)
- Stand infront of a mirror (is better to have a long mirror)
- Lift up both of yr hands and place behind yr head and observe for yr nipples. ( look for shape,size,symmetrical,skin discoloration,lumps,sores skin,discharged)
- If you want to check left side of yr breast, make sure u life up yr right hand.
- Use the finger pads of the three middle fingers to feel for yr lumps. Do in a circular motion to feel the breast tissue
- Use 3 pressures each time (light,middle and firm) each time u feel for yr breast
- Do not leave yr hand from yr skin.
- Repeat the same thing on yr right breast.
-After doing 2 sides of breast, carefully check at yr armpit and the area btw the breast and armpit for lump.
- Last, use yr index finger and yr middle finger to squeeze yr nipple to see is there any discharge.

Note:
- Is better to have BSE every month one week after yr period. Same time every month.

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Breast Cancer

Ok..Today let's talk about breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most common disease among women.

Risk factors:

- family history

- age

- menstrual before age of 12

- exposure to radiation therapy

-race

Signs and Symptoms:

- Pain

- Swelling over the breast

- Discharge over the nipples

- Change in size or shape of the breast

-Scaly, red or swollen skin

Investigatiions:

- Mammogram

- Biopsy

-Ultrasound

Education:

- Do self breast examination every month after your period ends.

Treatment:

- Surgery (mastectomy, radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy)

* If you have any abnormal changes in yr breast, is better to go for early check at any of yr nearby clinics or hospitals. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE*

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